托福备考-托福综合写作题型分类

浏览次数：2711    发布时间：2012-10-26

综合作文的题型分为两类——支持型与反驳型，考试时以反驳型为主。迄今为止，中国大陆考的都是反驳型。所谓支持型，就是听力部分对阅读部分的观点以例子、证据等加以支持或做进一步说明；所谓反驳型，就是听力部分对阅读部分的观点进行否定。除了根据听力部分的内容判断是支持型还是反驳型以外，最简单的办法是根据写作提示本身判断。例如：

 

Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on specific points made in the reading passage.

Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they challenge specific claims/arguments made in the reading passage.

Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to specifically explain how they answer the problems raised in the reading passage.

 

上面的三个提示都表明听力部分与阅读部分是反驳关系，因为它们各自的后半部分使用的词汇表明了这一点：cast doubt on, challenge, answer the problems.表示反驳关系的类似词汇还有：

 

Disagree with	Disapprove of	refute	rebut
reject	Object to	oppose	counter
doubt	question	weaken	undermine
Argue against	Take a stand against

 

假如听力部分和阅读部分构成支持关系，常见的出题方式如下：

Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to specifically explain how they support the explanations in the reading passage.

Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to specifically explain how they strengthen the explanations in the reading passage.

 

同样，问题中的support和strengthen都表示支持关系。表示支持关系的类似词汇还有：exemplify(例证), illustrate, provide further evidence等。

 

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