托福备考-TPO1阅读难题解答

浏览次数：3168    发布时间：2012-10-25

TPO作为以前考试用过的真实试题是最应该被用于指导并贯穿我们整个复习过程的。但是，我们也经常听见学生抱怨说没有官方的答案解析，即使做错了题，也不知道错在哪里。所以，我们将TPO中的一些疑难问题整理出来给大家讲解。以下是TPO1-The Origins of Theater出现的问题。

 

 

Paragraph 1: In seeking to describe the origins of theater, one must rely primarily on speculation, since there is little concrete evidence on which to draw. The most widely accepted theory, championed by anthropologists in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, envisions theater as emerging out of myth and ritual. The process perceived by these anthropologists may be summarized briefly. During the early stages of its development, a society becomes aware of forces that appear to influence or control its food supply and well-being. Having little understanding of natural causes, it attributes both desirable and undesirable occurrences to supernatural or magical forces, and it searches for means to win the favor of these forces. Perceiving an apparent connection between certain actions performed by the group and the result it desires, the group repeats, refines and formalizes those actions into fixed ceremonies, or rituals.

 

4. According to paragraph 1, why did some societies develop and repeat ceremonial actions?

○To establish a positive connection between the members of the society

○To help society members better understand the forces controlling their food supply

○To distinguish their beliefs from those of other societies

○To increase the society’s prosperity

 

解析：这是一道细节题。我们可根据问题中的关键词"repeat"和"ceremonial actions"定位到第一段最后一句"Perceiving an apparent connection between certain actions performed by the group and the result it desires, the group repeats, refines and formalizes those actions into fixed ceremonies, or rituals."由这一句可知发展并重复仪式的直接原因时由于感知到特定行动和所希望的结果之间的联系，这一点在选项中没有，那么就需要进一步分析。从定位到的句子往前找，前一句提到"....it attributes both desirable and undesirable occurrences to supernatural or magical forces, and it searches for means to win the favor of these forces."将希望或不希望发生的事情都归因于超自然的或魔幻的力量，并寻找取悦这些力量的方式，正是通过寻找这样的方式，当时的社会群体才感知到特定特定行动和所希望的结果之间的联系的原因，但寻找取悦神秘力量的方式这个原因在选项里依然没有出现。继续往前找，前一句提到" a society becomes aware of forces that appear to influence or control its food supply and well-being"，可以知道他们之所以要取悦神秘力量，是因为他们认识到一些力量似乎控制他们的食物来源和社会福祉，也就是说他们的最终目的是希望改善食物来源和社会福祉，对应D选项中的使社会更加兴旺繁荣，因此D正确。

 

 

Paragraph 2: Stories (myths) may then grow up around a ritual. Frequently the myths include representatives of those supernatural forces that the rites celebrate or hope to influence. Performers may wear costumes and masks to represent the mythical characters or supernatural forces in the rituals or in accompanying celebrations. As a person becomes more sophisticated, its conceptions of supernatural forces and causal relationships may change. As a result, it may abandon or modify some rites. But the myths that have grown up around the rites may continue as part of the group’s oral tradition and may even come to be acted out under conditions divorced from these rites. When this occurs, the first step has been taken toward theater as an autonomous activity, and thereafter entertainment and aesthetic values may gradually replace the former mystical and socially efficacious concerns.

 

7. According to paragraph 2, what may cause societies to abandon certain rites?

○Emphasizing theater as entertainment

○Developing a new understanding of why events occur

○Finding a more sophisticated way of representing mythical characters

○Moving from a primarily oral tradition to a more written tradition

解析：根据题干中的"abandon"和"rites"定位到第二段第5句"As a result, it may abandon or modify some rites. "由于句中有"as a result",因此题目问的抛弃这些仪式的原因应该在这个句子的前面。再往前看，找到本段第三句"As a person becomes more sophisticated, its conceptions of supernatural forces and causal relationships may change. "通过这两句话可以知道，由于人们变得更成熟，对超自然力量以及时间的因果关系的理解可能会改变，导致社会群体抛弃或修改了一些仪式。本句可简化为people's conceptions may change,重点在于change这个词，说明人们对于之前的一些理解发生改变，正是与B项陈述的“有了新的理解”一致，所以选B。

A项戏剧成为娱乐形式在文章讲述到第二段时还没有发生改变，而C/D都是文章没有提及的内容。

 

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