托福备考-阅读推断题分析

浏览次数：1764    发布时间：2012-11-15

 

托福阅读有类题所占比例较少，但对于考生获得满分或高分至关重要，它就是推断题。此类题特点在于原文中未明确说明，其含义在其中（implied），也就是说，要考生通过适当的理解并运用推理、判断、归纳等方式，找出文中某个词或句子的特殊含义，或者判断出句子与句子之间或段落与段落之间关系。有些考生对此类题往往不知从何入手，凭一般感觉解题，这样虽然可以解对几题，但获得全对可能性极小。今天我们将对此类题进行具体论述。

 

出题形式:

What can be inferred about…?

It can be inferred from paragraph…?

Which of the following statements is most likely true about…?

What probably occurred after…?

It can be inferred from the passage that the author most likely believes which of the following about…?

Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the author’s opinion about…?

 

一、 归纳推理模式

通常是原文用很具体的事例，让考生归纳出一个或几个词来，对原文内容进行总结与归纳，下面先举下个简单例子。

例1：The roar of gunfire, the massed movements of uniformed men, the shrill of bugles, and drama of hand-to-hand combat have fascinated students of warfare for a century.

The author implies that students of the Civil War usually concentrate on the

(A)     home front

(B)     battlefield

(C)     government

(D)    economy

提示：枪炮的隆隆声、军队的运动、号角声，徒手格斗的场面，无不表明了战场(battlefield)，也即体出他们之间的general与specific的关系。答案为（Ｂ）

 

总结：该种题目有一个技巧，就是解往往是带有归纳、抽象性词汇或带有主观评判性词汇。

 

例2：With Robert Laurent and William Zorach, direct carving enters into the story of modern sculpture in the United States. Direct carving-in which the sculptors themselves carve stone or wood with mallet and chisel-must be recognized as something more than just a technique.Implicit in it is an aesthetic principle as well: that the medium has certain qualities of beauty and expressiveness with which sculptors must bring their own aesthetic sensibilities into harmony. For example, sometimes the shape or veining in a piece of stone or wood suggests, perhaps even dictates, not only the ultimate form, but even the subject matter.

What is one of the fundamental principles of direct carving?

(A)     A sculptor must work with talented assistants.

(B)     The subject of a sculpture should be derived from classical stories.

(C)     The material is an important element in a sculpture.

(D)    Designing a sculpture is a more creative activity than carving it.

提示：本段文章关键在于讲述艺术家进行现代雕塑的方法与过程。根据文章后半部分可知，他们使用各种各样东西进行工作。并且把这些东西的美显示出来，根据这里语气可知。材料极为重要。所以解为（Ｃ）。本题（Ｃ）中important极为醒目。

 

二、 反向推理模式

通常ＥＴＳ方法是将原文进行反向运作，如“Some people like flowers”可推出“Some people don’t like flowers”．这种推理关键在于文章中信息与解中信息反义词，言下之意，考生找反义词即可．

例６：Before the mid-1860’s, the impact of the railroads in the United States was limited, in the sense that the tracks ended at the Missouri River, approximately the center of the country. At that point the trains turned their freight, mail, and passengers over to steamboats, wagons, and stagecoaches. This meant that wagon freighting, stagecoaching, and steamboating did not come to an end when the first train appeared; rather they became supplements or feeder.

What can be inferred about coaches and wagon freighters as the railroads expanded?

(A)     They developed competing routes.

(B)     Their divers refused to work for the railroads.

(C)     They began to specialize in transporting goods.

(D)    They were not used as much as before.

提示：文章中讲到火车发明并进行使用，铁路延伸到密苏里河，这样马车等就成为了火车运输的补充。由此可分析出火车出现后马车从原来主要运输工具变成了辅助。因此可知本题解为（Ｄ）。

总结：该种题型在最近托福考试中较多，希望大家能掌握解题技巧。

 

另外，为了更好地推断，大家一定要注意日期和数字并抓住关键词。一些关键词在做题中也非常有用，比如表示多少的副词many, some, much of, several, a few, most…;情态动词may,can ,could…;表示过去的used to be, were, at one time , previously;表示不是唯一的not only, not exclusively.

更多关于美国留学的信息请洽博纳寰美，电话0755-83587379或者直接点击网页右边的在线交流！

[返回] [关闭] [打印]