托福备考-阅读词汇题解析

浏览次数：1668    发布时间：2012-11-16

词汇题是新托福考试每次必考的内容，一篇文章通常会有3道词汇题。它主要考察同学们对文中某一单词或词组含义的题目，涉及一词多义、近义辨析、联系上下文语境推测词语含义等。它的一般问法是：The word/phrase XXX is closest in meaning to____.

 

解题技巧为：

(1)首先看是否认识给定的单词, 如果认识, 在选项中找同义或近义词即可, 并代入原文检验，看看是否正确。

(2)如果不认识,将4个选项分别代入原文, 看上下文意思能否讲得通。

(3)看原词所在句子前后两句话, 从语境中找重复对应，即可选出答案。

(4)如果选项中有两个选项都在上下文中意思合理,那么选择在含义上与原词沾边的词。

(5)选项中不认识的词不要轻易去选。

做题顺序一般是：看单词，看选项，代入原文验证。我们可以通过以下几方面的线索来判断词义。

                              

     ☆ 结构线索(即指明句子中各成分之间关系的特定单词、短语和语法结构)

 

　　1. 对比

　　Passage 5: In this newly emerging economic order, workers sometimes organized to protect their rights and traditional ways of life. Craftworkers such as carpenters and tailors formed unions and in 1834 individual unions came together in the National Trades’ Union. The labor movement gathered some momentum in the decade before the Panic of 1837, but in the depression that followed, labor’s strength collapsed…

 

　　The phrase gathered some momentum in the passage is closest in meaning to

　　A.made progress

　　B.became active

　　C. caused changes

　　D.combined forces

　　解析：单词readily所在的文章句子中出现转折词but，根据文章中but后面的内容我们可以得出短语gathered some momentum在此句中的的意思为made progress。

 

　　2. 例子

　　Passage 8: One cognitive theory suggests that aggravating and painful events trigger unpleasant feelings. These feelings in turn, can lead to aggressive action, but not automatically. Cognitive factors intervene. People decide whether they will act aggressively or not on other people’s motives. Supporting evidence comes from research showing that aggressive people often distort other people’s motives. For example, they assume that other people mean them harm when they do not.

　　The word distort in the passage is closest in meaning to

　　A.mistrust

　　B. misinterpret

　　C.criticize

　    D.resent

　　解析：distort所在的文章句子后出现“ for example”， 根据for example 中的内容，我们可以得出distort在此句中的意思为misinterpret。

 

　3. 并列信息

　　Passage 3: …Absenteeism and lateness hurt productivity and since work was specialized, disrupted the regular factory routine. Industrialization not only produced a fundamental change in the way work was organized; it transformed the very nature of work.

　　The word disrupted in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. prolonged

B. established

C. followed

 D. upset

　　解析：disrupt 在的文章句子中出现and连接的并列信息hurt，根据这一并列信息，我们可以得出disrupt在此句中的意思为upset。

 

　　4. 因果关系

　　Passage 1: …Feeding, courtship, preproduction, and even “rest” are carried out while in constant motion. As a result, practically every aspect of the body form and function of these swimming “machines” is adapted to enhance their ability to swim.

　　The word enhance in the passage is closest in meaning to

　　A. use

    B. improve

    C. counteract

    D. balance

　　解析：enhance 在的文章句子中出现表示因果关系的短语as a result,根据前一句中的原因，我们可以得出enhance在此句中的意思为improve。

 

　　☆ 构词法

 

　　根据构词法，单词的结构有三部分：前缀(prefixes)，词干(stems)和后缀(suffixes)。词干是单词的构成基础，前缀和后缀则分别加在词干的前面和后面，从而改变单词的词性和含义。而前缀、后缀和词干都有其固定含义，因此根据构词法，我们就可以利用其固定含义来判断生词的意思。

　　Passage 1: …During his administration he immeasurably enlarged the power of the presidency…

　　The word immeasurably in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. frequently

B.greatly

C.rapidly

D.reportedly

　　解析：immeasurably一词的词根为measure(测量、度量), 词缀分别为im-(不)，-able(能…的)，-ly (由形容词变为副词)。因此我们可以判断immeasurably一词在此句中的意思为greatly。

 

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