托福备考-阅读长难句分析

浏览次数：1991    发布时间：2012-12-06

TOEFL阅读文章大量句子都不是简单句， 尤其是经过ETS的修改后，增加了插入语，从句和分词短语的修饰。我们可通过以下几种方法来修改句子，提炼出句子的主干内容。

 

1.从句套从句

What is particularly important is that although the materials available to a society may to some extent limit or influence what it can do artistically, the materials by no means determine what is done.

 

这个长句里包含了主语从句，表语从句， although的让步状语从句和宾语从句。 虽然看起来复杂，但句子的主干可精简为sth may limit or influence sth.

 

2. 倒装

Individualism is weakly developed in folk cultures, as are social classes.

 

As 引导的句子倒装，其要表达的意思是: social classes are also weakly developed in folk cultures.

 

3. 强调句

It was not the originality of the ideal that made these satires popular. It was the manner of expression, the satiric method, that made them interesting and entertaining

 

2个强调句型it be......that......判断一个句子是否是强调句，关键是将it be...that..去掉后，整个句子不缺少任何成分即是。当所强调的对象是人时，that 要改成who.比如：It was I who taught him English.

 

难句分析：

1 A good example of this is found in the kinetic molecular theory, in which gases are pictured as being made up of many small particles that are in constant motion

 

该句子后面是一个定语从句修饰 theory, 其中as是介词， 后面跟一个词组的现在分词形式作介词宾语； 最后有一个that定语从句修饰particles.

 

2 Science is build with facts just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house.

 

这是一个非常经典的句型。首先just as做比喻， 后面not……any more than 是指 像……一样不……， 而不是表示比较句。

翻译： 科学是由事实组成就像房子是由砖头建成， 但是一大堆事实不能称之科学就像一大堆砖头不能称为房子。

 

3 The Native Americans of northern California were highly skilled at basketry, using the reed, grasses, barks, and roots they found around them to fashion articles of all sorts and sizes---not only trays, containers, and cooking pots, but hats, boats, fish traps, baby carriers, and ceremonial objects.

 

该句子主干是 The Native Americans of northern California were highly skilled at basketry,后面是现在分词短语做方式状语， 其中they found around them 是省略了引导词的定语从句， 修饰前面几个名词，最后列举的物品用not only……but 来连接， 省略also。

 

4. Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country’s impressive population growth.

该句也是经典句型--倒装句。 主语是the country’s impressive population growth， 而前面的半句只是句子的谓语成分。

翻译： 对二战后20年的加拿大的认识，基本上是从该国令人印象深刻的人口增长开始的。

 

5. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox

 

Not until的倒装句， 最后needed for an efficient icebox 过去分词短语修饰前面的名词。

 

6 The variation between the hemispheres corresponds to which side of the body is used to perform specific activities.

 

该句有一个which引导的从句作为corresponds to 的宾语。句子主干简化为：the variation is used to perform specific activities.

 

7 And in Sacramento an excavation at the site of a fashionable nineteenth-century hotel revealed that garbage had been stashed in the building’s basement despite sanitation laws to the contrary.

 

该句主语为an excavation,后面有几个限定主语的成分， 主句包含一个宾语从句谓语动词是revealed,后面跟一个that引导的宾语从句， 从句中又有一个让步状语， 实际上相当于省略了的从句 despite that sanitation law are to the contrary.

 

通过以上的讲解，希望大家对于托福阅读句型有更好的理解，并通过拆分长难句，提炼主干来达到理解句意的目的。

 

更多关于美国留学的信息请洽博纳寰美，电话0755-83587379或者直接点击网页右边的在线交流！

[返回] [关闭] [打印]